Panin V.M. 1
1 Institute for South-East Region. Russia
The basic steps of genetic researches of gliadin polymorphism (seed storage proteins dissolved in 70% ethanol) of winter durum wheat are shown. Allele clusters series of the gliadin-encoding genes located in four polygene loci were identified: Gli-A1dw, Gli-B1dw, Gli-A2dw and Gli-B2dw. These gene clusters encode blocks of gliadins. Recombination mapping revealed two additional loci Gli-A1-2dw and Gli-A1-3dw, controlling, accordingly, two and one ω-gliadins. The order of five loci on a segment on the short arm of a chromosome 1А was established: Hg - Bla1 - Gli-A1dw - Gli-A1-3dw - Gli-A1-2dw. The associatively of gliadin-encoding loci of genome A with elements of ear productivity and with a harvest index was shown. In the northern regions of winter durum wheat growing with sharply continental climate (Saratov, Kharkov), the cultivars and the forms belonging to var. hordeiforme prevailed. These cultivars are characterized by specific gliadin set (“northern” gliatipe). Whereas, in the southern areas of Russia, Ukraine and in Moldova the white-spike cultivars prevailed with another gliadin set (“southern” gliatipe). The gliadin set and the morphological traits of Yantar Povolzh’ya, the first cultivar developed in the Saratov region, correspond to the above-stated regularities.